Censorship Through Mccarthyism And Blacklisting In Hollywood

Censorship through McCarthyism and Blacklisting in Hollywood One s surroundings ultimately impact their thought process and decisions. In order to spread ideas, people often look to the media. However, individuals ideas can only spread as long as freedom of expression is present and the element of fear is not. When individuals do not have this freedom or they have a fear of sharing their opinions, they filter or censor their work. The idea of censorship is a prominent element of today’s society and is apparent throughout history. Examples of censorship include the banning of books, movie ratings, music lyrics and governmental attempts to control the press and the media. Governments often use censorship with the goal of controlling the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Burdened by an uneventful political career and having an eye towards reelection, McCarthy claimed that 205 communists had infiltrated the U.S. State Department and soon after claimed to have the names of 57 State Department communists, despite having little knowledge of international espionage†(â€Å"Joseph McCarthy†). This led McCarthy to be chairman of the Senate’s Committee on Government Operations in 1952 and be re elected in the senate. He took over this committee for two years with anti communist investigations and questioned suspected officials. This all began the â€Å"Red Scare† which was the fear of communism and it coming into the United States. McCarthy continued to make claims about people, but he was not able to validate any of these claims. Although he could not validate a claim, he was still popular widely throughout America due to concerns of communism in China and Eastern Europe†(â€Å"Joseph McCarthy†). The term â€Å"McCarthyism† has become a second name for all of the allegations with the unsubstantial charges involving Joseph McCarthy. Although Joseph McCarthy was unsuccessful with his attempts of finding people involved with communism, many people lost their jobs and had their lives altered forever. The peak and decline of McCarthyism was during the â€Å"McCarthy Hearings† televised in thirty six days. McCarthy first investigated possible spying of soldiers at the Army Signal Corps Engineering

Aristotle Essay - 777 Words

Aristotle Aristotle was born in 384 BC, at Stagira, in Macedonia, the son of a physician to the royal court. At the age of 17, he went to Athens to study at Platos Academy. He remained there for about 20 years, as a student and then as a teacher. When Plato died in 347BC, Aristotle moved to Assos, a city in Asia Minor, to counsel Hermias, the ruler. After Hermias was captured and executed by the Persians in 345BC, Aristotle went to Pella, the Macedonian capital, where he became the tutor of the kings young son Alexander, later known as Alexander the Great. In 335, when Alexander became king, Aristotle returned to Athens and established his own school, the Lyceum. Upon the death of Alexander in 323BC, strong anti-Macedonian†¦show more content†¦Aristotle regarded the world as made up of individuals (substances) occurring in fixed natural kinds (species). Each individual has its built-in specific pattern of development and grows toward proper self-realization as a specimen of its t ype. Growth, purpose, and direction are thus built into nature. The most distinguishing of Aristotle’s philosophic contributions was a new notion of causality. Each thing or event, he thought, has more than one reason that helps to explain what, why, and where it is. Therefore something can be better understood when its causes can be stated in specific terms rather than in general terms. Economics Economics is a word made up from two Greek words â€Å"oikos†, meaning household, and â€Å"nomos†, meaning to manage. From the start, then, the word â€Å"economic† was associated with the close supervision and management necessary to ensure provisions to a community. The management concerned, however, was that of the â€Å"household†, so that â€Å"economic† was used as equivalent to â€Å"domestic†, and economics in ancient and mediaeval times was a term used to distinguish the economy of the household (oikos) from that of the city (polis). For Aristotle, therefore, Economics and Politics meant two different studies and arts. (Boland, par. 2) According to Aristotle, we should avoid using the expression â€Å"managing† the economy when we mean the political economy. The public community is not a household â€Å"run† byShow MoreRelatedAristotle And Aristotle On Education1262 Words   |  6 Pages2.2.2 Aristotle (384 – 322 BC) Another great influence on Education was the Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle who came later after Confucius, who was born in Stagira, Chalcidice. Aristotle was first a student in Plato’s philosophy school for around twenty years. Later on he was a philosophy teacher in Atarneus which is located in Asia Minor. Aristotle is known for his school named â€Å"Lyceum† which is located in Athens, and he is also known for teaching Alexander the Great who can later. 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One thing that Aristotle would cr itique about Plato’s teaching was his idea of what he called â€Å"Forms† and their roleRead More Aristotle Essay568 Words   |  3 Pages Aristotle (384 BC -322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist. Along with his teacher Plato (author of The Republic), Aristotle is generally regarded as one of the most influential ancient thinkers in a number of philosophical fields, including political theory. Aristotle’s’ writing reflects his time, background, and beliefs. Aristotle was born in Stagira, Macedonia. His father, Nichomacus, was the personal physician to the King of Macedonia, Amyntas. At the age of seventeen, AristotleRead More Aristotle Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In our fast paced technologically advanced society today, our governments have evolved into supposedly well oiled machines effectively managing budgets, jails, militaries, as well as many other programs. 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He further adds that political association is the most sovereign and aims at the highest good Politics is largely an attempt to determine or rather prove that political association is the best suited way for securing the happiness of its membersRead MoreAristotle Essay1238 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle The primary concern of political theorists is to determine by what form of constitution the state will most likely succeed. According to Aristotle the definition of political success means the general happiness of the citizenry. Both Aristotle and James Q. Wilson share the belief that molding excellent character within the citizenry is the first and most important step towards solidifying the happiness of the state as a whole. The basic structure of Aristotle’s philosophies

Proposal for Council The Greenfields Development

Question: Discuss about the Proposal for Council The Greenfields Development. Answer: Introduction With the increasing importance given to Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) activities of businesses, providing decent housing or healthcare and reducing impact on environment by providing sustainable constructions are some important practices. The issue of responsibilities of businesses has been interesting to the media, politics and people in general. Homebuyers are taking increasing interest in purchase of green and sustainable buildings (Crane et al, n.d.). They can enhance the process of saving uses of energy, water and other things. This can help maintain human health and the ambience. A sustainable building which uses green technology wastes less energy, water and other sources of nature. It has less adverse impact on its surrounding. Such buildings generate less waste and keep the occupants healthy. High levels of energy efficiency are a key feature (Nguyen, 2014). Water, a vital resource for living can be conserved through water-conserving irrigation systems, low-water-u se landscaping and indoor fixtures which are water efficient. The non-toxic substance used for such buildings help reduce the environmental impact of the home. Construction wastes might be disposed of inland fills or by burning which create pollution. With careful design and planning, prefabricated parts can help bring down construction waste (Green Riverside, 2017). So the three key areas which need to be addressed in building a sustainable home are managing wastes, water and energy efficiency. These help in sustainable living. Sunselect Property Group (SPG) is focused on building low rise homes for its Greenfields Development project. Energy Efficiency: As per Climate Change data, Australian households contribute to one-fifth greenhouse gas emissions. To address the challenge of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from use of fossil fuels the new objectives in building houses comprise proper decrease of carbon emissions to restrict rise in sea level and global warming through proper design and energy conservation. This reduces carbon emissions from the energy systems of home. For instance, such buildings could be certified through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys Energy Star program (GreenRiverside, 2017). A single home built under ENERGY STAR program can keep away 4500 lbs of greenhouse gases from the air on annual basis. When there is a loss in transmission system from power station to office. The project of SPG will use natural gas which can reduce one-third of the gas emissions of grid electricity. If the design is such that mechanical heating and cooling are not required by a household, that saves a lot of energy. Cent ralized options will include air and hydronic systems. We plan to install heating mechanism with solar mechanism or heat pump (Castleton, 2010). The gas heaters and reverse cycle air conditioners would reduce the emissions. Fans are lowest energy cooling options. Also use of evaporative coolers can function best in climates with low humidity. Reduction in hot water use can reduce 22% greenhouse gas emissions from energy usage at home. These homes will be designed to optimize the daylight such that heating with electricity would not be essential in the day time. The buildings therefore would have lesser number of storeys and spaciously built. Lighting design needs to comprise features of lamp technologies such as compact fluorescent and LED, lighting switches and controls. The design should have safety requirements and lifecycle costs. So for our houses, energy efficient architecture, designs of appliances and ways of lighting would be essential. In Australia, wind resource is largel y available; it maybe used to generate electricity. Such renewable energy systems would incur less running cost. The buildings would have provisions for photovoltaic systems which provide no greenhouse gas emission and have price-competitive rates. The installations of these systems will be done by accredited specialist. These new homes will have charging points in garages or carports such that electric cars can be used for transport (McGee, 2013). These will reduce emissions and increase fuel efficiency. Waste Minimization: Australia was known for generating 32.4 million tones of solid waste in 2002-03. Out of these 43% was building waste. If these can be recycled, then social, economic and environmental benefits can be generated. Some states with zero-waste strategy documents have set targets for such reduction. Emissions from landfills for waste disposal can be toxic due to the high concentration of heavy metals and chemicals. The toxins might also dissolve in the water and pollute the waterways and rivers. Certain materials with high levels of embodied energy can have high environmental cost in extraction and their lifecycle impact might be reduced by endues recycling. Buildings will be designed to reduce waste. There will be fewer uses of plasterboard and wall lining off cuts. Materials with minimum wastage rates like plywood, finger-jointed timber and those with recycled content like paper and polyester insulation would be used. The materials and finishes would be durable and the subcontractors inv olved in the project are also waste aware (Reardon and Fewster, 2013). Water management efficiency The showers in bathrooms use 34% of indoor water on average. Toilets consume 26% and laundry 23% of the water use. Effective strategies of water efficiency in households include installations of water efficient shower heads, toilets, appliances and taps. The national Water Efficiency Labeling and Standards (WELS) label will be used as a guide for choosing the appliances. Rainwater helps in reducing water bills and provides an alternate supply of water. If the rain water is collected through a well designed and operated mechanism for domestic uses, this will largely save main water system (Lockwood, 2006). Our buildings will ensure that. One useful way would be to arrange the rain water to be used for gardening (Australian Government, 2017). This rain water will be collected from the roof and gutters through rain-heads, downpipes and first flush diverters, tanks and supply system including pumps, controllers and filters. Potable water is often used for toilet. But on-site waste water can be reused for the plumbing fixtures and for flushing the toilet waters. Conclusion Overall green star-rated constructions involve greater scopes for earnings on investments compared to other buildings. Green buildings are built for maintaining efficiency in water and energy. These buildings would consumer26% less energy compared to others and generate one third less greenhouse emissions. Greener buildings would appeal to tenants. Their asset values would increase more than other non-green buildings. In terms of ease of living and efficiency they surpass the non green constructions. Natural light, fresh air and access to outdoor views keeps the inhabitants healthy and fresh. The Greenfields Development project would ensure innovative strategies for keeping people healthy and fit. References Australian Government, 2017. Water, YourHome, Available at https://www.yourhome.gov.au/water (accessed on April 8, 2017) Castleton, H.F., Stovin, V.Beck, S.B.M. and J.B. Davison, 2010. Green roofs; building energy savings and the potential for retrofit, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 42, pp.1582-1591 Crane et al, n.d.. Corporate Social Responsibility in global context, Available at https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/portal/files/17680296/Chapter_1_CSR.pdf (accessed on April 8, 2017) Green Riverside, 2017. Energy Efficiency and Green Building, Available at: https://www.energydepot.com/RPUres/library/EnergyEfficiencyGreenBuilding.asp (accessed on April 8, 2017) Lockwood, C.2006. Building the Green Way, Harvard Business Review, Available at: https://ecologicdesignlab.com/files/Eco-Urban/VIII.1_HBR_building_green_way.pdf (accessed on April 8, 2017) McGee, C., 2013. Energy. Your Home. Nguyen, MK. 2014. Green Buildings, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Stock Market Performance, Portland State University, Available at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028context=honorstheses (accessed on April 8, 2017) Reardon, G. and E. Fewster, 2013. Waste minimisation, Materials Waste minimization, Your Home.

Contemporary Hospitality Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Hospitality Management. Answer: Introduction The aim of this study is to understand about the hotel industry and its operations. The hotel industry that will be discussed in this study is Hilton Sydney. The discussion will take place on these operations, functions and the process that is used to transform the input into the output. There is an overview related o the systems present in the hotel and its sub system that are used to finalize the production and operations (Kayaman, and Arasli, 2007). The report will also discuss about the quality of management take place in the hospitality industry. It is very relevant for the hotels to manage their operations and functions in a way that the customers retain and do not switch to the other companies (Kusluvan, Kusluvan, Ilhan, and Buyruk, 2010). As there is high level of competition present in the hospitality industry, Hilton Sydney has to bring innovation and creativity to sustain in the market. Now days, to sustain in the market, the companies are brining products and service diff eretiation, that helps them in effective and efficient management of the customers. The purpose of doing research is understood the hotel industry and the hotel Hilton Sydney. The report will help in better understanding and provides knowledge about the same (Kayaman, and Arasli, 2007). The systems of Hilton Sydney will be described in this study. An overview of the hotel The group of Hilton hotel has a strong and old history as they are one of the leading hotel chains in the entire world. The hotel is designed in a way by the expertise that has phenomenal designs; innovation hat is ground breaking, and the dedication of the employees to fulfill the needs of the customers at the Hilton Sydney. They provide exclusive services to their customers and premier venues. There services include executive food, vines, hassle free conferences, and the accommodation that is exceptionally comfortable. Every aspect of Hilton Sydney is inspired by the exceptional creativity (Manaktola, and Jauhari, 2007). The each and every area of the hotel makes the hotel more deluxe with its designs. Hilton is counted as one of the most prestigious and innovative hotel in not only in Australia but also in the entire world (Law, and Chon, 2007). The rooms of Hilton room are ultra relaxation room, unique cocktail concept in the zeta bar and the suites. The hotel Sydney is one of the largest convention centre in Australia and the meeting venue (Yoo, Lee, and Bai, 2011). It has more than 4000 SQM of flexible space of the floor that is enough to accommodate more than 3000 delegates. The kind of management they follow is very unique as they have more than 579 stunning rooms and suites, meeting and events space, location of the hotel that is central of the Sydney and opposite to the town hall station, iconic marble bar. There are various types of operations and functions take place in hotel Hilton Sydney. They perform architecture design and construction function, communication and PR, ecommerce, purchasing and supply management of goods and services, engineering operations, food and beverage management, Hr training operations, technical function, management of revenue, risk management and loss prevention, sales and marketing, spa operations and development, legal and labor management, operations related to the finance, and many other operations. The hotel industry believe that partnership help the company and gurantees the hotel for the new things on each and every level (Li, 2008). It is very relevant for the hotels to manage their operations and functions in a way that the customers retain and do not switch to the other companies. As there is high level of competition present in the hospitality industry, Hilton Sydney has to bring innovation and creativity to sustain in the market. Now days, to sustain in the market, the companies are brining products and service differentiation, that helps them in effective and efficient management of the customers. The aim of the operations to cut the cost, minimize the cost structure and sill to provide best quality services to the customers (Cho, and Menor, 2010). They have well trained engineers and team of expertise who maintain certain programs The 3 system and its 3 sub-systems The systems help in showing changes in the function, operations and structure of the company that are based on the human resource, employees and many other places of the company. it is the fact that the services prove din the hospitality industry are very complex in nature so the hotel industry try to manage each and every process in a systematic way to establish strong and focused management in the company (Pavlatos, and Paggios, 2008). There are various systems used by the hotel industry like Hilton Sydney that are Operations systems Hotel property management system Global distribution of the operations Website booking engine Hotel revenue manager Customer management system Information technology system There are various types of systems adopted by Hilton Sydney like Business type and feature The services of hospitality that is oriented to the products and services The services of hospitality that is oriented to the customers and consumers The services of hospitality that is oriented to the company or organisation Customer focus The focus of the customer is very indifferent Here there is a strong focus on the customers The focus is generally personalized Process and information The process need many decision and information to take the decision In this, there is a need of limited number of information and decision Here is a need of unlimited decision and information (Piccoli, 2008) Human actions The initiative is reserved There is a need of initiative there is a need on innovation Efficiency and indicators of the same There are lots of economic benefits in this category (Vallen, and Vallen, 2009.) There are various types of complaints The system is ineffective at times System type simple dynamic There is complex human activity system Natural and manmade resources Technical Technical and human Technical and human The process (inputs transformation outputs) of the key sub-systems The process of hotel management is related to the services of different qualities to manage the entire quality systems. The process used in every company is the same that is input then the process of transformation take place to change the resources into final products. Resources (Human, financial, materials and technology) Energy (Physical, economic, human and technology) Information (Structure, processes, policies, rules, standards) Technology Tics Hotel Organizational Development Tools like Labor culture, Discipline, Personal development and training Transformation Process Services Direct Services Accommodation Services, Food and Beverage and Complementary Services Other Services Companies Travel Agencies Conferences Conventions Specific Services Executives, Health Recreation (Line, and Runyan, 2012) External Services Linking with external services (Myung, McClaren, and Li, 2012) ISO Quality Quality perceived by customers Quality Certification Brand Quality Blueprinting flowcharts The management of quality is done by a huge team of management that includes general managers, human resource management and engineers. The management services are basically provided by the general managers who are the leaders of the company. Quality is the one major element that makes a hotel good and bad. Quality is not the delivery of goods at a single time whereas it is a life time service that must be delivered (Moncarz, Zhao, and Kay, 2009). Hilton Sydney believes in the same. They have a consistency in delivery of quality in their hotel. The quality usually starts with good hiring of the employees. Many companies suffered due to this as they do not hire good employees in their company, Hilton Sydney is very choosy in hiring of employees. There is a need to embrace all the staff who is working with the company. If they provide good quality of services then only the company will able to create a good image infront of the customers. The effective quality, management of the staff members includes customer service appraisal, review, and performance appraisal (Law, and Chon, 2007). The effective quality management of the team results in improvement in the quality and services to the customers. The services must be oriented to the solutions to the problem stake place in the hotel. They must provide 24 hours problem solving services to their customers (Brent Ritchie, Wing Sun Tung, and Ritchie, 2011). Conclusion The quality systems should start form the relationship between the environment and the management approach that is used by the company. The hotel industry has to adopt these systems to have better management in their companies. These systems are the approaches that help the Hilton Sydney to effectively and efficiently apply the theories of the management in their company. It is highly recommended that the company should follow the systems mentioned in this study as they are very prominent and help to achieve the goals of the company. The operations systems and other systems will have a positive impact on the company. The main purpose of this study is to provide relevant data related to the models for the services provided by the Hilton hotel in the context on hospitality industry proposing various types of systems that help to bring process for the company. Referencing Brent Ritchie, J.R., Wing Sun Tung, V. and JB Ritchie, R., 2011. Tourism experience management research: Emergence, evolution and future directions.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,23(4), pp.419-438. Cho, Y.K. and Menor, L.J., 2010. Toward a provider-based view on the design and delivery of quality e-service encounters.Journal of Service Research,13(1), pp.83-95. Kayaman, R. and Arasli, H., 2007. Customer based brand equity: evidence from the hotel industry.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,17(1), pp.92-109. Kayaman, R. and Arasli, H., 2007. Customer based brand equity: evidence from the hotel industry.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal,17(1), pp.92-109. Kusluvan, S., Kusluvan, Z., Ilhan, I. and Buyruk, L., 2010. The human dimension: A review of human resources management issues in the tourism and hospitality industry.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,51(2), pp.171-214. Law, R. and Chon, K., 2007. Evaluating research performance in tourism and hospitality: The perspective of university program heads.Tourism Management,28(5), pp.1203-1211. Law, R. and Chon, K., 2007. Evaluating research performance in tourism and hospitality: The perspective of university program heads.Tourism Management,28(5), pp.1203-1211. Li, L., 2008. A review of entrepreneurship research published in the hospitality and tourism management journals.Tourism management,29(5), pp.1013-1022. Line, N.D. and Runyan, R.C., 2012. Hospitality marketing research: Recent trends and future directions.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(2), pp.477-488. Manaktola, K. and Jauhari, V., 2007. Exploring consumer attitude and behaviour towards green practices in the lodging industry in India.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,19(5), pp.364-377. Moncarz, E., Zhao, J. and Kay, C., 2009. An exploratory study of US lodging properties' organizational practices on employee turnover and retention.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,21(4), pp.437-458. Myung, E., McClaren, A. and Li, L., 2012. Environmentally related research in scholarly hospitality journals: Current status and future opportunities.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(4), pp.1264-1275. Pavlatos, O. and Paggios, I., 2008. Management accounting practices in the Greek hospitality industry.Managerial Auditing Journal,24(1), pp.81-98. Piccoli, G., 2008. Information technology in hotel management: a framework for evaluating the sustainability of IT-dependent competitive advantage.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,49(3), pp.282-296. Vallen, G.K. and Vallen, J.J., 2009. Check-in check-out: Managing hotel operations. Yoo, M., Lee, S. and Bai, B., 2011. Hospitality marketing research from 2000 to 2009: topics, methods, and trends.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,23(4), pp.517-532.

Censorship And Music Essays - Eminem Songs, , Term Papers

Censorship And Music Censoring Music from Our Children ?I will kill you, you don't want to f*** with me, b**** I will kill you? (Eminem). Is this the type of music we want our children listening to? Unfortunately, these lyrics by popular music star Eminem are exactly what children today are being subjected to. Musicians write music and gear their lyrics toward a certain group of people. However, if heard by the wrong crowd it may be offensive to certain age groups, cultures, or races. Therefore, censoring the music is a necessary action that we must take to prevent corruption of the youth and our culture. By censoring music we are preventing children from hearing the sex, violence, and racism that is clearly being vocalized by many of the popular musicians today. ?Sexual brutality has become the common currency of America's youth culture? (Gore 236). Many songwriters today promote distasteful sex throughout their lyrics. Musicians such as Sisqo repeat, ?Let me see that thong,? and ?I'll kiss the lips under your navel.? Believe it or not, he is very popular among young children, and the words to his songs can clearly be understood. I believe that children are not stupid, and are able to understand the content of this material. Consequently, they are being taught this senseless information. Sex is a very unfamiliar topic to most youngsters. Therefore it should be taught to them by their parents, and not given misconceptions through vulgar song lyrics. Also, ?several rock groups now simulate sexual torture and murder during live performances? (Gore 236). In July, Eminem held a concert in which he brought an inflatable doll, which represented his wife, onto the set. After being told several times that use of the toy was not allowed he continued to defy the law by presenting it on stage. (Bozza). Young children should not be permitted to view and listen to this explicit material, because it is corrupting their minds. It is obvious that sex is widely referred to in today's music. However, so is violence. In Dayton, Ohio, ?An 11-year-old boy had shot and killed his 3-year-old sister and wounded his 5-year-old sister. He said he was imitating Tupac Shakur? (Parents' Advocates). Some of Tupac's lyrics include, ?Blast people first. Ask questions Last.? Has anyone ever stopped to think that maybe these lyrics may subliminally put messages in children's minds? Believe it or not, they enjoy listening to this type of music. Nick Bradeen, a fourteen year old, who is an avid fan of rap and industrial metal (Parents' Advocates), believes that, ?When you hear the songs, you can't understand most of the words? (Parents' Advocates). I believe that when we hear a song that interests us, we listen to it repetitively until we know the words. By listening to these lyrics, children may try to reproduce the actions or emulate the words that are heard in the songs. Censoring this indecency is the only way to stop the minds of children from becoming perverted. Not only are sex and violence areas that need to be monitored, but the racism in lyrics should also be checked. The word nigger is utilized in so many songs it is unbelievable. For instance, Tupac sings, ?Cops give a damn about a Negro. Pull the trigger, kill a nigger he's a hero.? DMX vocalizes, ?Nigger runnin' his mouth I'm gonna blow his mind out.? For centuries racism has been an issue that everyone has tried to conquer. If we are teaching it to children, they are going to grow up with premeditated thoughts of racist acts before they know that their actions are wrong. Unfortunately, racism is not only taught by rap artists, but sung about in various plays as well. For example, ?South Pacific,? a musical for people of all ages, contains a song called ?You've Got To Be Carefully Taught? by Oscar Hammerstein. The lyrics to this song include, You've got to be taught to be afraid, Of people whose eyes are oddly made, And people whose skin is a different shade. You've got to be carefully taught. You've got to be taught before it's too late Before you're six or seven or eight, To hate all the people your relatives hate. You've got to be

Juvenile Crime essays

Juvenile Crime essays Jeffery Ian Ross discusses the different types of political crimes committed by the state and crimes against the state. He discusses ways in which these types of criminal behaviors can be controlled and the different causes of these types of crimes. Some political crimes are used against the social and public order while others are just acts of violations used to disturb social behaviors. Political crimes follow a dynamic pattern, which examines political crime as that which results from the interaction between anti-systemic crime and state crime. State crime causes oppositional crimes and vice versa. Using the system of terrorism as an example shows that the Israeli terrorism motivated Palestinian anti-systemic terrorism, which in turn led the Israeli security against the Palestinian people. This put the blame on all of the Palestinian people and not just on the anti-systemic terrorist group, conferring that everyone must take the blame for the groups actions. This can be summed up using the macro theory, which states, the theories explain how environmental factors (including institutions, economics, political systems, and culture) affect individuals and groups (Ross 21). There are a number of other theories described in this book, which explains vast reasons as to why the dynamics of political crimes exist and multiply. The opposing theory to the macro theory is the micro theory, which deals with peoples differences, their mental states and interactions. This theory is closer in relation to the psychological theory, which delves deeper into the mental states and behavior patterns of individuals. Mostly in dealing with the behavioral patterns it is dealing with delinquent behavior, involvement in gangs, or other criminal acts. In particular, Sutherland argues that criminal behavior is learned in a process of symbolic interaction with others...

Energy Resource Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Energy Resource Plan - Essay Example This fact makes public discourse on the subject all the more important. As a rule, renewable energy sources have many advantages over non-renewable ones. For example, a very widely used energy resources is petroleum. Given the scarcity of this resource, not only is it economically unviable in the long term, but highly malefic to environmental health. The carbon monoxide emissions from automobiles that run on refined petroleum pose serious health consequents to life on earth. On the other hand, tapping energy inherent in natural phenomena is a more prudent way of energy consumption. For example, hydro-electric power generation, wind-mill based energy creation, energy derived from bio-mass, etc. are not only less harsh on the environment, but are sustainable in the long term too. There are many ways in which each of us can help conserve energy. A simple example would be car-pooling and using public transportation for most commuting purposes. This would cut down on the amount of energy consumed by the community. Secondly, significant reduction in energy consumption could be achieved by adopting scientific approaches to building houses, especially in regard to heating and cooling systems. Also, all energy run appliances in the house like the air-conditioners, washing machines, refrigerators, etc., can all be made more energy efficient by applying a few basic conservation principles. In light of growing concerns regarding depletion of energy resources and their negative impact on environment and health, the government’s role has become a very important one. Unless strict regulations are imposed on industries and other commercial enterprises, this trend cannot be stopped let alone reversed. Governments can set up dedicated agencies to study industry trends so that regulations can be imposed at an early stage. Government can fund independent/industry research units to come

Peer reviewed journal related to the key foods Article

Peer reviewed journal related to the key foods - Article Example Alternatively the starch and stew combination are redred and Tubman or moimoi mainly based on vegetable protein. Cassava is classified as a perennial plant that grows well under tropical climate, moist fertile and well-drained soils. A complete mature full grown plant reaches a height of about 2-4 meters. Under the cultivation fields, cut stem sections are planted like sugar canes each tube weighs one to several pounds depending upon the cultural type. A cassava is a gray-brown, rough woody textured skin, with a white color starch rich sweet-flavored meat that should be eaten only after cooking. Cassava is used to prepare different king of dishes which include Akple which is fermented cassava and corn dough, fufu which is a pounded cassava and Konkonte which is primarily dried peeled cassava powder. Cassava is the world third source of carbohydrates but a poor source of protein. Additionally, it has a nearly twice the calories than potatoes, in a 100g root it provides 160 calories, which comes from sucrose forming the bulk of the sugars in tubers. Cassava has very low fats and protein content than in cereals and pulses (Wagner, 2010) Young tender cassava leaves are a rich source of dietary, copper, magnesium and vitamin K which is vital in bone construction promoting Osteotrophic activity in the bones. It has medicinal value of treating Alzheimer’s disease patients by limiting neuronal damages in the brain. Fufu is prepared by boiling the peeled cassava and pounding into a dough-like consistency and later served with a soup. Cassava is a rich source of carbohydrates which acts as fuel for energy; bodies require energy for their functionality and day to day activity. Cassava being a fiber food, it reduces the risk of heart diseases and cancer also helps in diabetic and constipation reduction. In conduction, since it is a source of saponins, it helps reduce cholesterol levels and reduce acidic levels in the body

Entrepreneurship in Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Entrepreneurship in Action - Essay Example Needless to say, entrepreneurship is a state of mind (Bird, 1988, p. 444). As feelings and perspectives develop in the â€Å"early age, school education can greatly contribute to fostering entrepreneurial mindsets, starting from primary school to the University level† (Boyd & Vozikis, 1994, p. 65). For this reasons authorities and educational institutions have taken the responsibility of ensuring that students learn about entrepreneurship in schools. Such education incorporates individuality and personal trait views. In addition, this entrepreneurial education combines skills, knowledge, perspectives and personal attributes in order to perform definite expert assignments. In reference to Kent (1990, p. 10), entrepreneurship education refers to training on the skills, attributes and competences required in entrepreneurship. This is a training process where students and learners commence by been keen and attentive. This assists the learners to apprehend different aspects of entr epreneurship. According to the BS2962 Entrepreneurship in Action module, the students finally set up their own enterprises after attaining knowledge on the required competences and skills needed for running and operating a business. In reference to the module, the aims of entrepreneurship education varies, though they all focus on enhancing entrepreneurial mindset, triggering entrepreneurial behavior, developing skills and competences required for entrepreneurship and preparing the student for his or her entrepreneurial endeavors. Nonetheless, one of the common objectives of the entrepreneurial education is to accelerate entrepreneurship in its numerous forms (Fayolle, 2010, p. 245). In this regard, comparison of the orientation of diverse constructs, objectives and focus on entrepreneurship education shows two major points that need emphasis: the learning results would be different if the whole training centered on cognitive training and it is imperative to broaden the viewpoints a bout the learning environment. Entrepreneurial education has numerous objectives and goals. Learning on entrepreneurship centers on the sagacity and prudence of an entrepreneur in coming up with original creative business ideas and formulating viable business plans. A training that focuses on the learning for entrepreneurship emphasizes on the capabilities and skills required. Training aimed at training through entrepreneurial didactics centers on increasing capabilities and aptitudes required to generate comprehension of facts and investments (Erickson, 2003, p. 108) In reference to Gatewood (2009, p. 206), it is not known whether people are born entrepreneurs or not. For this reason, there have been arguments and discussions on whether the skills and competences of entrepreneurs can be taught. Debatably, at least some personal characteristics, competences and skills can be nurtured and trained in the entrepreneurs’ interplay with the environment, including the interplay wit h the educational system (Borch & Vizikis, 1994, p. 446). In my assumption, entrepreneurial behavior can be learnt and that, as such, it should be taught. Entrepreneurship education, however, requires thorough reflection on the connection between action and theory and between learning and doing (Kent, 1990, p. 204). This is primarily because of the multifaceted nature of entrepreneurial phenomenon, which makes it difficult to encompass and thus to teach and learn. In

Practitioner roles in supporting learning through play

Practitioner roles in supporting learning through play This essay will identify how adults can support learning through play and will analyse the value of this approach. It will consider historical and current perspectives of child development. The key areas of discussion will be learning through role play and supporting children with additional needs. It will recognise the importance of symbolic play, contingent response and the use of sustained shared thinking. Historically children were perceived in different ways, from evil and wicked to innocent and easily corrupted. Childhood has been constructed and reconstructed. (James Prout 1997:7) The behaviourist approach, views the child as a blank slate conditioned through external factors and places an emphasis on step by step learning. Psychologists such as Watson and Skinner considered children to learn by experiences given by adults to shape or mould them. Practitioners need to explain the boundaries for behaviour to children for them to encourage self control and enable them to think about their behaviour. Giving time out has been seen to discourage this. (Bruce 2005:47) The Nativist approach believes that children are pre programmed and will unfold in their development. (Bruce 2005:3) This approach sees the adult role as a facilitator offering help but not controlling learning. Rousseaus approach can be seen in todays view of adults observing and monitoring the early learning goals. He suggested that play was instinctive. The interactionist approach views children as partly pre programmed and partly blank slates. Kant originated this approach, and believed the adults role in supporting learning was to provide a suitable learning environment to explore. He also states that adults should supervise and assist when required. This view can be seen through the curriculum today which offers both adult led and child led activities. The importance of interactions between children and adults, through sustained shared thinking, is highlighted in projects like EPPE (2003) as discussed in child and childhoods. The different approaches discussed can be seen to have had an impact in practice throughout todays education, it is important that practitioners have a good knowledge of these approaches in order to understand how best to support learning. Historically all children play unless there are factors that prevent them from doing so, such as childrens health or living conditions. During the 18th Century children were sent to work, so would have had little time to play, however, this does not mean they did not. Play in the 1920s was a form of relaxation which was considered to be practice for life. (Bruce 2005). More recent thinking understands play as problem solving and creativity. Play underpins the delivery of the statutory framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage, which aims to help children achieve the five Every Child Matters outcomes of staying safe, being healthy, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and achieving economic well being. (Dfes 2007:7) It suggests the role of the practitioner is one of observing and using the information gained to plan for childrens next steps in learning. Children need a challenging and interesting environment with a balance of adult led and child initiated activities, in order to problem solve and investigate through their play. It is the practitioners role to create and maintain this environment so that children develop their communication and creative skills. Childrens achievements are collected over time and learning diaries are produced, unlike the EYFS profiles (2003) these diaries have no emphasis put on testing children. Montessoris approach values the child, the environment and the teacher. She believed children were spontaneous learners needing adult support during periods of development. She stated the adults role was to ensure that the environment provides for the developmental needs of each individual child; observation serves as the key tool for establishing these developmental needs (Isaacs 2007:13) She believed in scaffolding childrens learning. In her opinion the role of the adult was to consider health and safety in the provision and to provide defined spaces for learning experiences and problem solving activities. She considered the child could lose their freedom if adults were too communicative with them. She stated that practitioners needed to have a sound understanding of child development and an ability to understand the need for real life experiences. Although her approach gives time for children to explore with little adult intervention she considered play to be unnecessary, believing toys were tools to enable learning. Her approach however, contrasts with the views of the EYFS, which states the importance of learning through play and the significance of social interactions between adults and children. Bruner suggests that good practitioners tune into the incipient intention of the child and act accordingly. (Bruce 2001:53) suggesting the childs developing plan or aim should be observed and then supported and encouraged. He values play and considers that when children play with other children this emphasises the importance of social and emotional well being and interactions. He stresses the importance of turn taking and social rules. He states that in a role play situation children are able to use problem solving and increase in language acquisition. He experimented using two groups; one being taught, the other playing and concluded that the group allowed to play outperformed the taught group as they were able to explore and problem solve. He views the adult role as scaffolding the child through their development by starting where the child is and supporting them to move on. A more recent view by Moyles (2001) considers there are emotional, physical and intellectual values in supporting learning through play. She describes four principles of play, as being functional, constructive, rule governed and socio-dramatic. In a recent study she found that effective practitioners are able to use their knowledge to support childrens learning by building on what children can do and by evaluating the process of observations and planning for next steps. She states that children should be supported in their play and practitioners should value the input by parents. It is important to be clear that play is not in place of planning, or indeed an easy option. Teachers TV discusses how practitioners should inform parents about the importance of play and how childrens learning can be supported. Practitioners need to communicate with children in ways they understand, if children feel secure and relaxed they will become active learners who develop independence. Adult support in Early Years education is important in that it may be the first time a child has played alongside others, Key people offer support to children and their families during their time at pre schools and work in partnership to inform planning and extend a childs interests and learning. The 1967 Plowden report considers the individual child and building on what they already know and understand. It states practitioners should have a flexible approach to the curriculum and monitor the environment. It states that play is central to childrens growth and development. The report is critical of testing and figures, stating not assume that only what is measurable is valuable. However, in 1976 the curriculum was shaped by political forces which discarded the child centred opinion of the Plowden report. The Thatcher years produced good test results in schools and with it the added pressures from OFSTED to use league tables and highlight results. New labour continued with this by introducing the literacy and numeracy hour. It was not until 20 years later that child centred education was highlighted again. The Rumbold report (Des 1990) states play as being an important part in childrens learning, and states that practitioners need to be sensitive and know when to intervene and become involved in childrens play. It states that children should be given time to play. Practitioners should watch children and use these observations to inform planning for assessment and extend learning. (Macleod-Brudenell 2004:227) In order to achieve this, the adult needs to plan the environment so children can explore, practice ideas, interact, take risks, think imaginatively, express anxieties or fears and communicate with others. Steiner considers the whole child, and believes that an important factor in childrens development is the social interactions children have with others. Through play he believes children can develop their feelings and ideas and make good relationships with others. He believes the adult should be supportive and not to use play as a tool to get a pre determined outcome as it will de prive children of freedom to choose open ended creative play. He states the adults role is to teach by example not instruction. Froebel considered the natural, spiritual, emotional and intellectual aspects of child development and states the important factor is to begin where the learner is (Bruce 2005 :26) He believed that through play the adult can observe what is needed to support and extend learning. However, Froebels work could be criticised because he limited his research to boys. He states that play is central to pedagogy. Froebel made a distinction between play and work and considers play is what children are involved in when they initiate the task and work is what they do when they fulfil a task required by an adult (Bruce 2005:19) Which shows that when a child is asked to do complete something by an adult, it means the child loses possession of their original idea. Role play can happen anywhere and is unrestrictive and impulsive. It is important for children to be able to imitate and explore the world around them. Children can be imaginative and creative in their play and escape into fantasy worlds. Children interact with each other and often play above their actual age, as suggested by Vygotsky. (MacLeod-Brudenell 2004:213) Practitioners should offer props to promote role play and through observing and supporting will have an understanding of when to become involved in their play. Inclusive practice involves practitioners offering ideas and asking open ended questions to extend childrens learning, communication and language skills. Research shows that sustained shared thinking is important in extending childrens learning and by practitioners having a special partnership with children in their settings. (EYFS 4.3) Therefore in order for the children to learn through role play adults need to respect and value the childrens play and consider the childs ideas and interests. As Inclusion is paramount to practice practitioners should be aware of discriminatory play and intervene sensitively if encountered. Sustained shared thinking is the process of working together to develop ideas and enable children to make connections in their learning. By using sustained shared thinking in play the adult can support the childs thought process. Through an awareness of the childs interests the practitioner can offer encouragement and ask open ended questions to support and extend learning. Piaget, a constructivist, considered how children played for enjoyment, and believed children assimilate or incorporate new knowledge with what they already know. This absorbing of experiences is described as schema, where patterns of repeated behaviour help the child learn. He believed children had to work through stages to learn, where they could experiment and explore. He suggested older children no longer need play as have developed abstract thinking. This view can be seen in todays education associated with key stages, where more emphasis has been given to play in the Early Years Foundation Stage. The National curriculum and EYFS reflect the Governments strategies to enable all children to access a relevant and balanced curriculum. (Moyles 2007:4) Since 1995 the law states children have to be assessed at age 7 and aged 11 and throughout the Early Years practitioners complete assessment files based on the early learning goals. Learning matters criticises Piagets approach by stating he may have lacked knowledge of the social impact, as children who are from different cultures, gender, race or social classes may need help to learn. Recent research into perspectives used in Early Years education has shown that there is a significant lack of information concerning learning through a childs viewpoint. Lindon, (2001) states practitioners should value the opinions of children and be more receptive to their views. More recent thinking by Chris Athey (1990) a constructivist, considers that schemas help children think for themselves and can be used to support and extend learning through play. She states practitioners should work in partnership with parents in sharing experiences and childrens interests. She believes children are active learners. http://www.nurseryworld.co.uk/news/719740/Train-thought (15/1/10) Vygotskys zone of proximal development considered that in play children behave beyond their age. He believed children learn more from child initiated play as he believed children set their own levels in control of learning (Bruce 2005: 64). He understood the need for an environment that had clear boundaries for children, with adults who respond effectively and help children to think for themselves. He suggests play to have the skills children need to reach their potential. He believes children acquire language and learn through role play and through social and cultural interactions, stating the role of the adult is through guidance. Learning matters is critical of Vygotsky s views of zones as they consider them to be vague in their definitions. It is understood that the zones describe the adults role in supporting and extending what the child can do. Research has shown that children develop through adults interacting with them. Adults can support learning through contingent response where adults react sensitively to childrens behaviour. Children are seen to benefit from the social and emotional contacts with adults. Practitioners should actively respond to childrens positive behaviour and play giving praise and approval. Through the use of books, media and use appropriate language and communication practitioners support play and extend learning. It has been suggested by Postman that Childhood is disappearing, children have less freedom and less places to play. TV and computer technology has advanced and children are encouraged by their parents to stay in because of parental fear for their childrens safety. However, the Governments play strategy intends to improve and develop play facilities throughout the country. Practitioners should observe and use their knowledge to plan and provide for all individual children. Children who have any additional need which may include disability or a condition that affects their learning or development may need extra help within the provision. The Childrens Act of 1989 discusses that practitioners need to identify in need children, support their development and enable all children to participate in all areas within the provision. (Bruce 2005:40). The Act states that, children in need be categorised according to their specific needs. Early years Action is based on existing knowledge within the provision. If external support is needed the child is considered to be Early Years Action Plus. Therefore, practitioners need to be able to identify and support children. Individual play plans are useful in considering intended learning objectives and desired outcomes over a short period. Through play, practitioners can identify a childs interests, adapt the environment and modify activities to support the child. With support from parents the childs development can be monitored and reviewed. It is important to monitor and evaluate the curriculum linking this with childrens individual progress. Practitioners support children by formative assessment, whereby they collect information about individual children over a period of time, and summative assessment where they bring everything learnt about each child and decide on their next steps in learning. It is important that practitioners working with other professionals communicate and share information regarding children with additional needs. Children with Autism need more adult support within a provision to enable them to learn through play. The practitioner can use symbolic play to help the child develop skills needed to extend learning, as children with autism do not tend to use pretend play they use functional or repetitive play. The adults role is very important in helping the child to focus and become motivated. The practitioner can teach social skills by involving other children in play. It is important that practitioners offer resources that promote symbolic play throughout the provision. Play therapists use symbolic play to help children cope with fears or problems, as they are able to express feelings. Research evidence shows that childrens level of involvement in an activity is an indicator of their current levels of learning and development. (Moyles 2006) However, it is important that information is collected by multiple professionals before any judgements are made. The reflective practitioner considered how an over stimulating environment as stated by Elizabeth Jarman has an adverse effect on childrens learning. Therefore practitioners need to provide an environment that is accessible for all children and is interesting and enjoyable. Through quality improvement the provision is monitored and checked to see if the Every Child Matters outcomes are covered in planning. Practitioners who regularly reflect on practice and keep up to date with research can make improvements to how observations and planning is done and therefore extend childrens learning and development through play. Recent studies have shown how observations are useful in interpreting behaviours and understanding interests. (Maynard 2009:207) It considered what children like to explore and time spent at activities, as well as the social interactions and attachments made. Although target setting and literacy and numeracy strategies have meant there are more pressures put on teaching staff and children, it has been researched that less emphasis should be put on measurable results, tick charts and making children complete activities to get results. Practitioners now observe and use these observations to inform individual planning to extend a childs learning through play. Good quality teaching occurs when there is a good knowledge of how to observe play, knowing when to intervene and how to interact to extend learning. Through quality improvement the provision is monitored to make sure the Every Child Matters Outcomes are covered in planning. In conclusion play and the adults role in supporting learning through play has extremely important benefits for childrens happiness, physical, cognitive and social development. Childcare settings should be welcoming, have sufficient resources, practitioners should be good role models and allow children time for uninterrupted play. (Bruce 2001) Research has shown that interrupting childrens play affects cooperation and social interactions. (Broadhead 2004:3) Play can happen anywhere and is unrestrictive and impulsive. Children concentrate for long periods in their play, if given time to do so. Through play children can relax and let their imaginations create anything they choose. It is known children are active learners, who learn best when allowed to become deeply involved in their chosen activities. To become independent learners practitioners should let children investigate and problem solve for themselves. (Whitebread 2003:17) With highly qualified and experienced practitioners guiding and supporting them they can experiment and develop skills needed to help them move on in their learning. Practitioners should be good role models as suggested by Owen, who nurture children and provide a stimulating environment which is free flow. Trained practitioners are aware of the individual needs of the children in their care and understand the importance of play based learning. It is therefore, the role of the practitioner to plan, support, intervene when necessary and extend childrens learning. (Macleod-Brudenell 2004:50) Practitioners who regularly monitor the provision reflect upon theories and choose which seem fit for purpose as they extend learning as learning matters describes, practitioners should consider sometimes pointing out new horizons, sometimes setting a challenge, sometimes gently guiding and sometimes leaving well alone Therefore, the practitioner has multiple roles in supporting learning through play. They are described as being facilitators enabling learning to happen. They scaffold and support learning and development. They provide an encouraging environment for learning to occur and are able to adapt responsively to the needs of individual children. However, they should have regard for maintaining a balance of adult and child led activities. It is important for practitioners to understand how children learn and the significance of theoretical approaches. They should also realise the importance of emphasising play.

Tudor Succession Problems Essay -- English History Monarchs England Es

Tudor Succession Problems The Tudor period is unique in that it is marked by succession difficulties in every generation. The Tudor dynasty was plagued by poor health, short-lives and a shortage of male claimants to the throne. For three successive monarchs the throne passed not from ruler to child, but from sibling to sibling and three consecutive monarchs died childless. Henry VIII's search for a suitable male heir to his throne had far reaching ramifications. This period is distinctive in that it would start the precedent of determining the succession by statute in consultation with Parliament. The parliamentary enactments and wills that he had created complicated the succession issue for future generations in the attempt to make the transition from monarch to monarch less problematic. While the Tudor period is generally viewed as a one of stability, the recurring succession difficulties created instability and often posed the threat of civil war and even foreign invasion. The succession problems of the Tudor monarchs were largely caused by their lack of issue, for none of Henry VIII's children had children, poor health and were complicated by plots arising from the uncertainty of the succession, foreign affairs, and the wishes of the monarchs of the periods in relation to Henry VIII's will. The succession of Henry VII was the most difficult of all for he had to win a battle to claim the throne and prevent other factions from rising against him to secure his dynasty. Henry VII's claim to the throne was based not so much on hereditary right, as his victory at Bosworth field. There were other claimants to the throne such as Elizabeth of York, Edward of Warwick, John II of Portugal and John de la Pole who all... ..., and in the third generation of Tudors a lack of children. Consequentially, the successors that did succeed were not always clearly the heir. This led to in extreme cases, like at the start of the reign of Mary, civil war. Henry VIII went to extreme lengths to secure the succession and ensure the continuity of his dynasty, lengths that included separation from the church in Rome and divorce. He also started a precedent of parliamentary consultation in matters concerning the succession, a principle that would become entrenched after the Revolution of 1688. On the other hand Elizabeth I went to extreme lengths to avoid discussing the succession in Parliament and designating a successor. There were good things that came out of what appeared to be problems: arguably the church of England, and the reign of Elizabeth I, one of the most glorious reigns in English history. Tudor Succession Problems Essay -- English History Monarchs England Es Tudor Succession Problems The Tudor period is unique in that it is marked by succession difficulties in every generation. The Tudor dynasty was plagued by poor health, short-lives and a shortage of male claimants to the throne. For three successive monarchs the throne passed not from ruler to child, but from sibling to sibling and three consecutive monarchs died childless. Henry VIII's search for a suitable male heir to his throne had far reaching ramifications. This period is distinctive in that it would start the precedent of determining the succession by statute in consultation with Parliament. The parliamentary enactments and wills that he had created complicated the succession issue for future generations in the attempt to make the transition from monarch to monarch less problematic. While the Tudor period is generally viewed as a one of stability, the recurring succession difficulties created instability and often posed the threat of civil war and even foreign invasion. The succession problems of the Tudor monarchs were largely caused by their lack of issue, for none of Henry VIII's children had children, poor health and were complicated by plots arising from the uncertainty of the succession, foreign affairs, and the wishes of the monarchs of the periods in relation to Henry VIII's will. The succession of Henry VII was the most difficult of all for he had to win a battle to claim the throne and prevent other factions from rising against him to secure his dynasty. Henry VII's claim to the throne was based not so much on hereditary right, as his victory at Bosworth field. There were other claimants to the throne such as Elizabeth of York, Edward of Warwick, John II of Portugal and John de la Pole who all... ..., and in the third generation of Tudors a lack of children. Consequentially, the successors that did succeed were not always clearly the heir. This led to in extreme cases, like at the start of the reign of Mary, civil war. Henry VIII went to extreme lengths to secure the succession and ensure the continuity of his dynasty, lengths that included separation from the church in Rome and divorce. He also started a precedent of parliamentary consultation in matters concerning the succession, a principle that would become entrenched after the Revolution of 1688. On the other hand Elizabeth I went to extreme lengths to avoid discussing the succession in Parliament and designating a successor. There were good things that came out of what appeared to be problems: arguably the church of England, and the reign of Elizabeth I, one of the most glorious reigns in English history.

Profile prepared by Management Analysis Corporation

Do you believe that the diagnosis and resulting profile prepared by Management Analysis Corporation was a necessary step in the process of finding potentially successful general managers? ExplainThe profile prepared by Management Analysis Corporation is the first step in the process of finding a potentially successful of general managers, but it is not the only step. Actually, after MAC has understood very clearly the needs of Dancey Electronics, they could picture the perfect leader. Once this was done, they could see what skills must be innate and what skills can be learned to become a leader. Then, MAC could propose one more interview to the candidates. For example, the candidates are faced to a concrete leadership problem, and they need to solve it very quickly.MAC should analyze reactions of the candidates and pick the best one. This means picking the person who has the best ability to change and to adapt to a new situation. So, I do not know yet if Joe Morris could be the good candidate for leading Dancey Electronics.Moreover, I think that the analysis done by MAC is a good way to find a potentially successful group of general managers because it accually describes the ideal qualities of being an effective general manager and at the same time gives us ideas about the relationship and task orientation of each candidate along with analysis of some important environmental factors that might have some effect on their leadership style, such as the company’s expectation and the subordinated expectation for the behavior of general managers.However, I think Management Analysis Corporation should analyze the behavior of the followers more. This way, MAC will know what leadership style would be the best for the group.What alternatives are available to modify Joe Morris’s potential effectiveness in the new general manager position?Joe Morris has a high task orientation it means he can apply an initiating structure focused on goals and results. But it i s not enough to lead a team. Joe Morris has to be more relationship oriented. We know that Joe Morris has low skills in relationship orientation. But a leader needs to communicate with his team to have an influence on the behavior of the individuals. If Joe Morris does not change, he could only be a manager, but not a leader. As we learnt in class, â€Å"leaders do the right things, managers do things right†.According to the Fielder theory, Joe Morris can make changes to be more relationship-oriented. He can spend more informal time (lunch, leisure activities) with his subordinates. He can also request particular people for work in his group. He can be a volunteer to direct difficult or troublesome subordinates. He can suggest or affects transfers of particular subordinates into his unit. Finally, Joe Morris can raise morale by obtaining positive outcomes (special bonuses, time off, attractive jobs) for subordinates.Moreover, Joe Morris should follow a training session to dis cuss and analyze his leadership situation. This way, he can understand his performance and improve it. If Joe Morris increases his position of power, he could be a better leader because he would repair his lack in relationship orientation.Why will it be difficult for Joe Morris to modify his style of leadership?Joe Morris knows how to organize and define the relationships in the group and he establishes well-defined patterns and channels of communication, and spells out ways of getting the job done. So it is a good start. But it would be difficult for him to modify his style of leadership because it is very hard to change him. Moreover, he does not have an overall insight of the company. He needs to fit in the group to eventually change. Considering that Joe Morris is far away from a good relationship orientation, it might be very difficult for him to understand what changes he has to do to modify his style of leadership.It also may be hard for Joe Morris to change his style of lead ership due to the argument against the path-goal theory whereby subordinates play a rule  in the leadership style of the manager. In that, Joe Morris has a low score in relationship orientation which means that his relationship with the employees may not be as effective and efficient. As a result, although Morris my want to change his leadership style type, employees may not be as willing to change given his low relationship orientation which therefore makes it hard for him to change his leadership style.But on the other hand, according to the Leader-Member Exchange Approach, there is no consistent leader behavior across subordinates and Joe Morris can behave in different ways with his future followers than he used to. So he may not have to change his style of leadership and still be appreciated by his followers. Therefore he will become a good leader.

About Registered Nurses essays

About Registered Nurses essays Nursing is a career that will never stop growing. When I graduate I plan on going to college and becoming a Registered Nurse specializing in Pediatrics. I have a heart for helping people and I absolutely love kids. Thats why I think this will be a great job for me. In order to fully understand the job of a registered nurse you need to know the type of work done, educational requirements, working conditions, and the job outlook. Nurses have many different duties. They work to promote health, prevent disease, and help ill people. When assessing a patient they check vital signs, symptoms, and progress in patients. There are many different types of nurses, from surgical nurses to office nurses. They all have different duties. The largest group of nurses is hospital nurses. They are assigned to one department and work there, for example, maternity, surgery, and pediatrics. To be a successful Nurse, they need to be compassionate, kind, gentle, and caring. Who wants a nurse who has no compassion? I know I sure dont. Most nurses have a heart to help people and make them better. They need to be emotionally stable to be a nurse. Things arent always going to be happy and they need to be prepared for that. Students must graduate from an approved nursing program and pass a national licensing exam in order to obtain a nursing license. There are 3 paths students can take to become a nurse they are, a bachelors of science degree in nursing, associate degree in nursing, and a diploma. The BSN program is offered by colleges and universities. It takes about 4 years to complete, sometimes 5. The working conditions are normally comfortable and in a good environment. Nurses may spend a lot of time walking and standing. Many nurses in hospitals are on call a lot. Nursing also has its hazards; you may care for patients with infectious disease. Nurses must always use standard precautions to avoid infec...

5 Alternate Writing Techniques in English You Havent Heard of

5 Alternate Writing Techniques in English You Havent Heard of 5 Alternate Writing Techniques in English You Havent Heard of Your professor reads through a dozen of papers each time he/she assigns an essay. If you want to get a high grade, you have to ensure that your paper stands out from the rest. How can you do that? If you have mastered the basic writing techniques, here are five more advanced ones that you can use to set yourself apart from the rest. 1. Be Original As often as possible, try to take a unique approach on the topic, offer an original perspective, or use your words in a fresh and interesting way. As your professor sifts through a dozen of papers, he/she does not want to see the same topic many times. Take a creative approach to the assignment that will help you stand out, and you will get a higher grade as a result. Depending on the assignment, you should also write in your own unique voice. For some assignments, you may need to be extremely formal and academic. However, if you have a more creative assignment, use an informative conversational tone. Write the way you would speak to someone you respect and feel comfortable with. Allow your writing to reflect your own personality and your style as well. Writing in such a manner allows you to interact with the audience. 2. Tell a Story If you have a practical, real-life anecdote that is related to the topic you are writing about, it is usually appropriate to tell briefly a story that illustrates your point. Not only this makes your point easier to understand, but it can also be entertaining for the reader. Many writers do not use this technique, so it is one of the ways to set your writing apart. However, make sure that your story is directly related to your paper and is not off topic or unnecessary. Also, get to the point quickly without spending an excessive amount of time on the story. A few sentences are usually enough to entertain the reader and to express your point. 3. Show, Do Not Tell This technique especially applies to creative writing, but it can be used in other types of writings as well. When you are writing, simple telling the reader some information, it is not really effective. It is better to show the reader through details, examples, and evidence. Paint a picture of the information you are trying to explain. In creative writing, this can include using the five senses to make your writing vital. Describe how something looks like, smells, feels, tastes, and sounds to create a vivid image in the reader’s mind. In informational or persuasive writing, such a technique can mean including examples and evidence to support the claims. Instead of saying that Abraham Lincoln is the greatest United States president, show that he is the greatest United States president by providing evidence and giving examples. Instead of saying that you were nervous, talk about your sweaty palms and racing heart. This is one of the best writing techniques in English, and it will surely impress anyone who reads your paper. 4. Use a Call to Action A call to action is better to use in persuasive writing. Such a technique invites your reader to take some sort of action, and it is an excellent item because it engages your audience and involves it in reading your paper. A call to action can be anything that is relevant to your topic. For example, if you just have spent an entire paper convincing readers that every individual is responsible for the health of the planet, you could conclude your essay by encouraging your readers to recycle or conserve water. If you write a persuasive paper about a law that everyone should think about, you can include a call to action advising your readers to call legislators or sign a petition. The call to action should invite the reader to act and make them involved in reading your paper. 5. Use of Figurative Language You have probably heard of figurative language before- this is the language that is used creatively and is not meant to be taken literally. Figurative language includes simile, metaphor, hyperbole, onomatopoeia, and symbolism. You should definitely use figurative language in creative writing, but it can also be an effective technique in informational or persuasive writing. A well-placed metaphor can impress your reader and make your point more beautiful and understandable. Next time you are assigned to write a paper, try using these techniques. Your professor will be surely impressed!

Computer Networking and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Computer Networking and Management - Essay Example y or through a communication channel), and there may be a probability that an unauthorized person can access the secret keys during their transmission. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.a) Secret-key systems require the sharing of some secret or sometimes trust of a third party to support authentication. As a result, a sender can repudiate a previously authenticated message by claiming that the shared secret was somehow compromised by one of the parties sharing the secret. For example, the Kerberos secret-key authentication system keeps copies of the secret keys of all uses in a central database; an attack on the database would allow widespread forgery. On the other hand, since each user has sole responsibility for protecting his or her private key, public-key authentication effectively prevents any sort of repudiation; this property of public-key authentication is often called non-repudiation. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.a) Unlike secret-key cryptography, public-key cryptography may be vulnerable to impersonation even if user’s private keys are not available. A successful attack on certification authority will allow an adversary to impersonate whomever the adversary chooses by using a public-key certificate from the compromised authority to bind a key of the adversary’s choice to the name of another user. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.a) RSA, which stands for Rivest, Shamir and Adleman, was the first and most widely used public key cryptosystem. Developed in 1977 by three M.I.T. professors, it is based on the mathematical properties of modulo arithmetic. (‘Harvard style’, n.d.c) Modulo arithmetic is much like normal arithmetic, but only uses integers no longer than a limiting number, the modulus (usually written as m). Any result larger than the modulus has the modulus subtracted from it repeatedly until it is less than the modulus. Thus, instead of the numbers forming a line, modulo numbers can be thought of as forming a ring, when the largest number loops back to

BORDER SURVEILLANCE USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK Research Paper

BORDER SURVEILLANCE USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK - Research Paper Example The troops guard the border according to prearranged route as well as the time interval (Ammari 12). Border patrol has widely depended on human participation. On the other hand, the relative cost for the growing number of workers as well as the retreating precision through human-only supervision has called for the contribution of high-tech devices in border patrol (Ammari 36). Amongst these, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for mid-air surveillance have lately been used to track routinely and detect track unlawful border crossing. Due to the outsized coverage as well as high mobility of the UAVs, the concentrated human participation in low-level surveillance practices can be minimized. In applications of border patrol, the established supervising network ought to cover a considerably large monitoring region. On the other hand, the radius of sensing of a single sensor node is usually limited. Consequently, many sensor nodes are expected to complete the coverage need. In addition, different kinds of sensor nodes like underground, camera, ground, and mobile sensors provide dissimilar coverage potentials. In addition, every sensor type has a special cost, sensing radius, as well as sensing accuracy (Aykanat54). As a result, a most favorable deployment approach is required to settle on the number along with locations of sensor nodes with varied capabilities. The primary objective of the deployment is to get the deployment tactic using the bare minimum number of each category of sensors to cover the entire surveillance area furthermore to accomplish desired intrusion detection likelihood. The aim is sensing the surroundings as well as communicating the findings to the data gathering center (Aykanat54). Most employment areas are envisaged for WSNs ranging from military surveillance to the monitoring of endangered species of animal populations. The research on the node placement together with coverage issues deals with effective use of

Changing Demographics in the UK and Europe Essay

Changing Demographics in the UK and Europe - Essay Example To prevent work-related stress, each employee should make it a habit to exercise on a regular basis. To decrease the number of unemployed youth, it is necessary to control the inflow of the immigrants. Doing so will provide the youth the opportunity to gain work experiences needed to make the future workforce of UK and Europe more competitive. Table of Contents Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 Table of Contents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 I. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 II. Total Population in UK and Europe †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 III. Significan ce of UK and Europe Demographics on Employment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..................................†¦. 5 IV. Significance of UK and Europe Demographics on the Local Businesses †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.................................†¦. 7 V. Conclusions and Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Appendix I – Population Trend in UK †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............................. 10 Appendix II – Long-Term International Migration Into and Out of the UK †¦.............................................................. ... .................................†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 - 17 Introduction Defined as the â€Å"balance of a population especially with regards to density and capacity for expansion or decline† (Merriam-Webster, 2012), demographic composition of a nation includes a wide-range of variables such as gender, age, race, nationality, employment status, location of residences, and home ownership among others. Due to the global economic crisis, the number of people who are unemployed has been increasing over time past few years (Gregory, 2011). Globalization does not only mean removing the barriers on trading but also the movements of the labour forces. This explains why some people view globalization as a great threat on employment. Considering the on-going changes in the demographics of UK and Europe particularly with regards to youth unemployment and the ageing workforce, this report will focus on analyzing how changes in demographics can affect the local business organizations and how demographic data serves as useful information in terms of making important business management decisions. In response to the case of high unemployment rate, Total Population in UK and Europe The trend in UK population is following an upward trend. From 61.8 million, the total population in UK is reported to have reached 62.6 million in 2011 and again to increase up to 64.8 million in 2016 (Beaumont, 2011, p. 3). Other than live births, one of the main reasons why the UK population is continuously increasing is due to the upward trend of immigration (p. 7). In the case of UK, earning British citizenship through residence grant is more common than granting British

An Examination of General and Specific Motivational Mechanisms Essay Example for Free

An Examination of General and Specific Motivational Mechanisms Essay Luc G. Pelletier and Stà ©phanie C. Dion’s report entitled An Examination of General and Specific Motivational Mechanisms for the Relations Between Body Dissatisfaction and Eating Behaviors aims to examine the relationship of body dissatisfaction with eating behaviors through a study of the different models of regulation of eating behaviors used by women. The study mainly uses the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as a framework for examination of socio-cultural pressures and the `thin-ideal` as factors for body dissatisfaction and, in turn, body dissatisfaction as a cause of eating-related problems like binge eating, dietary restraint, and bulimia. Lastly, the study also looks at two different levels of motivation to explain the differences in the responses of women to socio-cultural pressures regarding body image, which lead to a difference in eating patterns. These two are the general self-determination or a sense of self-determination toward ones life and self-determination towards eating. Negative body image and its causes and effects have been the subject of many studies during the past decade. Due to its popularity as a topic for research, many of its findings are well-known and accepted by society at present. Among these are the role of media, peers, family, puberty and others in reinforcing the thin ideal, the relationship of women’s perceived discrepancies between their body ideal and body image with their satisfaction with their own body and the effect of negative body images to women’s eating habits. However, a review of the existing literature about body image reveals many interesting and sometimes unexpected findings. The first among these is the main basis of this study, which is self-determination. Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory shows that the level of women’s general self-determination in life may serve as a shield against the effect of the pressure exerted by society for women to be thin. This is interesting because this will show how body-image can be approached as a cyclical issue when joined with the findings on how positive body image can lead to confidence then to a positive self-determination. Second, body image may have an effect on many positive qualities such as attractiveness, success and intelligence. This shows attractiveness as more than just a fixed variable. It is not merely affected by the physical attributes one is born with, but also by how one feels about these physical attributes. Moreover, it emphasizes the gravity of the consequences that either a positive or negative body image may cause. Its affects can extend onto many non-physical aspects of a person’s life. In fact, another research shows that pressures from society to be thin can change individual core beliefs as regards the importance of physical appearance compared with other values. Another interesting finding is that body dissatisfaction may be addressed by either self-reinforcement or by aiming to change one’s appearance. People are more familiar with the second approach, which includes exercising and dieting. However, it is interesting to find that grooming and other forms of self-reinforcement are also used. While these forms of self-reinforcement may have been admitted to be used by people to enhance their self-image, it is not easily identifiable to have a direct correlation to body image. Moreover, this type approach shows a more positive and less destructive way of addressing issues on body image.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seven hypotheses were tested in the research. They are stated in the article as follows. First, general self-determination will be negatively associated with both socio-cultural pressures about body image and the endorsement of society’s beliefs about thinness and obesity. Second, socio-cultural pressures should be positively linked to the endorsement of society’s beliefs, which, in turn, will positively predict body dissatisfaction. Third, although body dissatisfaction is expected to positively predict both an autonomous and a controlled form of regulation of eating behaviors, it should lead mainly to a controlled regulation of eating. Fourth, the autonomous form of regulation of eating will be positively associated with healthy eating behaviors, whereas the controlled form of regulation will be positively associated with dysfunctional eating behaviors. Fifth, general self-determination should be positively associated with the autonomous form of regulation and negatively associated with the controlled form of regulation. Sixth, the autonomous regulation of eating behaviors will be positively associated with healthy eating behaviors and negatively associated with bulimic symptoms, whereas the controlled regulation of eating behaviors will be positively associated with dysfunctional eating and negatively associated with healthy eating behaviors. Finally, healthy eating behaviors should positively predict psychological adjustment, whereas dysfunctional eating should negatively predict psychological adjustment. These hypotheses aim to test the relationship of general self-determination, body image, body dissatisfaction, forms of regulation of eating behaviors, eating habits and psychological adjustment among each other. Methodology The study was done on 447 female students, ages 16 to 54 from two universities—the University of Ottawa and the Carleton University. Of these students 78.2% are taking undergraduate degrees from the University of Ottawa, 20% are graduate students from the same university, while the remaining 1.2% are enrolled at Carleton University. The researchers adopted several scales and indexes to test its hypotheses. Enumerated in the study are the General Motivation Scale (GMS), Teasing Assessment Scale, Body Dissatisfaction Subscale (EDI-BD), Regulation of Eating Behaviors Scale (REBS), Healthy Eating Habits Scale, Dysfunctional Eating (BULIT-R), Psychological Adjustment Index (PAI), Depressed Mood Scale (CES-D), Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). The tests are composed of statements and questions, which the respondents assess using a Likert scale with around five to seven points for rating. The scales are usually divided in several subscales with equal number of items based on the nature of the hypothesis being tested. They have been previously used in other studies and their reliability and validity have been tested. Results and Discussion The study was able to prove all six hypotheses. These hypotheses will be discussed in three groups. These groups are general self-determination and determinants of body dissatisfaction, general self-determination and forms of regulation of eating behaviors and consequences of the forms of regulation of eating behaviors on psychological adjustment. The last group will be divided into the association of autonomous and controlled eating regulation to healthy and dysfunctional eating habits and the relationship of eating behaviors with psychological adjustment. The first discussion group pertains to the first and second hypotheses. Findings show that general self-determination has a positive association with autonomous regulation of eating behaviors, while it has a negative association with controlled regulation of eating. In relation to this, general self-determination has a negative relation with socio-cultural pressures about body image and the endorsement of society’s beliefs about thinness and obesity. On the contrary, socio-cultural pressures about body image and endorsement of society’s beliefs about thinness and obesity have a positive association, while the latter is positively associated with body dissatisfaction. The cause for this result was explained to be that the more women perceived socio-cultural pressures about body image, the more they internalized societal beliefs about thinness and obesity, which causes them to have body dissatisfaction. However, general self-determination allows them to be more motivated to act according to their own values, rather than be pressured socio-cultural messages of thinness. People with general self-determination are more likely to measure self-worth based on personal growth, meaningful relationships and other intrinsic values, rather than by using extrinsic values such as physical attractiveness. The second discussion group relates to the third and fifth hypotheses. It was found that both autonomous and controlled eating behaviors are good motivational mechanisms and have a positive association to body dissatisfaction. However, the association of controlled regulation, which is ÃŽ ² = .74 is stronger than autonomous regulation’s ÃŽ ² = .14. In addition to this, it was found that general self-determination in life caused them to be self-determined in the regulation of their eating behaviors, which is a specific life domain. The third discussion groups relates to the fourth, fifth and sixth hypotheses. As for the fourth and sixth hypotheses, majority of women who are dissatisfied with their body image eat in a restrictive manner due to the motivation to reduce body dissatisfaction caused by internal pressures such as guilt or shame or external pressures such as media and parents about body image and the endorsement of beliefs about thinness and obesity. Controlled regulation has a positive association with dysfunctional eating behaviors and a negative associated with healthy eating behaviors. On the contrary, women with greater self-determination tend to have healthy eating habits because they have less probability of perceiving socio-cultural pressures about body image and internalize societal beliefs about thinness and obesity. Unlike its negative relation with dysfunctional eating behaviors, autonomous regulation has a positive relation to healthy eating behaviors. Lastly, as regards the last hypothesis, positive psychological adjustment are found have a positive connection with healthy eating behaviors. On the contrary, it has a negative relation with dysfunctional eating behaviors. The results of the study suggest that healthy eating behavior may be a necessary condition for global psychological adjustment. These findings may provide new approaches to understanding and treating body image-related issues and eating disorders. Having built the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, specialists may focus on increasing self-esteem rather than emphasizing the evils of unhealthy eating habits. They may also begin looking at the motivational perspective introduced in the study and adapt treatment according to what motivates a woman to adopt weight control habits. Summary In summary, the results were interpreted to show that societal pressures and self-determination may be seen as competing factors that determine body dissatisfaction, with societal pressures as the cause for the endorsement of societal beliefs about obesity and thinness, while self-determination as the buffer against it. Both body dissatisfaction and self-determination have an effect on the kind of eating regulation a woman may adopt. This may result to either a healthy or dysfunctional eating habit among women. However, the authors offered an alternative explanation for the results. The explanation is actually a reverse of the second hypotheses. According to the authors, body dissatisfaction may have been the cause for women to endorse society’s belief, rather than the inverse, because such dissatisfaction may lead women to pay more attention socio-cultural pressures about body image.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Several other topics related to this area of research may be examined in the future. First, researchers can look at satisfaction or dissatisfaction caused by the body image formed relative to the body type of the person with whom a subject has constant contact with. Some people may feel less overweight when placed with obese people than when placed with thin people and vice versa. Second, researchers may delve into more deeply into other means women address body dissatisfaction such as exercise, and determine what factors cause women to choose a certain approach. This may also be related to general self-determination such that researchers may examine which between exercising or other means of addressing body dissatisfaction and dieting, or a combination of both, is used by women with different levels of self-determination. Lastly, the present study may also be replicated using different genders, attributes, and means of addressing body dissatisfaction. Very interesting results may arise from the study of gays and lesbians.